支气管扩张剂

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Almadhoun K,沙玛

支气管扩张剂

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PubMed ID

30085570 (在PubMed

]

文摘

支气管扩张剂表示个人,低于最佳空气流经肺部。的主要治疗目标细支气管平滑肌的β2受体激动剂,肺。各种呼吸道条件可能需要支气管扩张剂包括哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病。他们习惯于反向哮喘的症状或改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的肺功能。肺功能测试评估肺功能。因此,支气管扩张药有一个重要的角色在肺癌的诊断和治疗条件下基于他们影响肺功能测试。FEV1 / FVC的比率比较多少气流在第一第二的呼气(用力呼气量)的理论空气量的人可以在最大呼气(用力肺活量)。一个典型的比率是0.7。在可逆的气道阻力增加如哮喘、pre-bronchodilator肺功能测试通常是低于0.7。然而,在政府的短效支气管扩张剂,比例可能正常化。 In nonreversible conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, giving a short-acting bronchodilator may not normalize pulmonary function test levels in patients. Commonly, inhaled corticosteroids are added to beta-2 agonists to reduce inflammation and pro-inflammatory agents that will further constrict airways. Beta-2 agonist class bronchodilators do not affect the underlying pathology of lung disease; they are only symptomatic treatment. Therefore, adding inhaled corticosteroids to the regimen has been the mainstay of mild to moderate reversible lung diseases with or without long-acting beta-2 agonists. Anticholinergics is the final class of medicine considered bronchodilators. This class's mechanism inhibits the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system mediated by the vagus nerve. A hyperactive parasympathetic nervous system causes bronchial secretions and narrowing of the airways. Medicines that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system at the level of the airways will then generate a bronchodilatory effect. These medicines include ipratropium bromide, which is a short-acting medicine (4 to 6 hours), and tiotropium bromide, which is longer acting (24 hours). Anticholinergics are primarily used in the setting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with asthma can usually control their symptoms with the combination of a beta-2 agonist and corticosteroid. The step theory in managing reversible lung diseases like asthma incorporates both short- and long-acting bronchodilators. Those with intermittent asthma should receive a short-acting bronchodilator such as albuterol as needed. Adding a low-dose, inhaled corticosteroid is the next step to more symptomatic disease, followed by adding a long-acting bronchodilator with the inhaled steroid. Increasingly aggressive treatment is deferred to those who specialize in asthma and allergy treatment. Once control is achieved, the patient will consult with their doctor to wean them off these medicines to a smaller dose with fewer adverse effects. Failure to control symptoms with short or long-acting bronchodilators and corticosteroids can cause irreversible lung injury. Frequent monitoring by pulmonary function tests and peak airway flow is the mainstay of treatment success.

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药物

Ipratropium

药物靶点

药物	目标	类	生物	药理作用	行动
Ipratropium	毒蕈碱的乙酰胆碱受体M1	蛋白质	人类	是的	拮抗剂	细节
Ipratropium	毒蕈碱的乙酰胆碱受体平方米	蛋白质	人类	是的	拮抗剂	细节
Ipratropium	毒蕈碱的乙酰胆碱受体M3	蛋白质	人类	是的	拮抗剂	细节