铊中毒和普鲁士蓝的作用在治疗。

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霍夫曼RS

铊中毒和普鲁士蓝的作用在治疗。

Toxicol启2003;22 (1):29-40。

PubMed ID

14579545 (在PubMed

]

文摘

铊盐被用作医药代理,作为各种生产过程的关键因素,作为一个强有力的灭鼠剂。此外,环境问题越来越,铊是浪费产品煤的燃烧和水泥的生产。铊盐是迅速,几乎完全吸收几乎所有航线,胃肠道接触是最常见的途径产生毒性。铊进入细胞通过一个独特的过程由电荷和离子半径相似的钾。尽管毒性的确切机制尚未建立,铊干扰能源生产在糖酵解的基本步骤,三羧酸循环,氧化磷酸化。额外的影响包括抑制sodium-potassium-adenosine三磷酸酶和绑定含巯基的群体。毒性的主要表现包括快速进步,提升,非常痛苦的感觉神经病变和脱发。与大多数金属盐,铊中毒的胃肠道症状较轻,便秘比腹泻的特点。许多其他的发现等自主神经病变,颅神经异常,精神状态改变,虚弱,心脏,肝和肾的影响,但尚不明确。铊也穿过胎盘自由和动物产生异常以及胎儿死亡,明显的毒性和人类先天性异常。 There are no controlled trials of treatments in thallium-poisoned patients. Thus, the literature is predominated by very small animal studies and case reports with very limited data. Strong evidence speaks against the use of traditional metal chelators such as dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite) and penicillamine, and the latter may cause redistribution of thallium into the central nervous system. Likewise, forced potassium diuresis appears harmful. The use of single- or multiple-dose activated charcoal is supported by in vitro binding experiments and some animal data, and charcoal haemoperfusion may be a useful adjunct. Multiple animal studies give evidence for enhanced elimination and improved survival with Prussian blue. Unfortunately, despite the fact that many humans have been treated with Prussian blue, the data presented are insufficient to comment definitively on its efficacy. However, Prussian blue's safety profile is superior to that of other proposed therapies and it should be considered the drug of choice in acute thallium poisoning. Public health efforts should focus on greater restrictions on access to, and use of, thallium salts.

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药物

普鲁士蓝