一个简短的历史硝化甘油和一氧化氮的药理学和生理学。

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沼泽,沼泽

一个简短的历史硝化甘油和一氧化氮的药理学和生理学。

中国Exp杂志杂志》2000年4月,27 (4):313 - 9。doi: 10.1046 / j.1440-1681.2000.03240.x。

PubMed ID

10779131 (在PubMed

]

文摘

1。硝化甘油(NG)于1847年被发现Ascanio Sobrero在都灵,后使用Theophile-Jules "论。Sobrero首先指出“暴力头痛”产生的微量NG的舌头。2。江诗丹顿郝林,1849年,在健康的志愿者测试了NG,观察,头痛是由于这样的精度。郝林追求NG (“glonoine”)作为一个顺势疗法治疗头痛,相信它的使用了“以毒攻毒”的教义。3所示。阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔在1851年加入"论,认出NG的潜力。他开始制造NG在瑞典,克服处理问题与他的专利雷管。诺贝尔遭受严重心绞痛和后来NG拒绝治疗。 4. During the mid-19th century, scientists in Britain took an interest in the newly discovered amyl nitrite, recognized as a powerful vasodilator. Lauder Brunton, the father of modern pharmacology, used the compound to relieve angina in 1867, noting the pharmacological resistance to repeated doses. 5. William Murrell first used NG for angina in 1876, although NG entered the British Pharmacopoeia as a remedy for hypertension. William Martindale, the pharmaceutical chemist, prepared '...a more stable and portable preparation': 1/100th of a grain in chocolate. 6. In the early 20th century, scientists worked on in vitro actions of nitrate-containing compounds although little progress was made towards understanding the cellular mode of action. 7. The NG industry flourished from 1900, exposing workers to high levels of organic nitrites; the phenomena of nitrate tolerance was recognized by the onset of 'Monday disease' and of nitrate-withdrawal/overcompensation by 'Sunday Heart Attacks'. 8. Ferid Murad discovered the release of nitric oxide (NO) from NG and its action on vascular smooth muscle (in 1977). Robert Furchgott and John Zawadski recognized the importance of the endothelium in acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation (in 1980) and Louis Ignarro and Salvador Moncada identified endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) as NO (in 1987). 9. Glycerol trinitrate remains the treatment of choice for relieving angina; other organic esters and inorganic nitrates are also used, but the rapid action of NG and its established efficacy make it the mainstay of angina pectoris relief.

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药物

硝化甘油