安全评估dichlorophene chlorophene。

文章的细节

引用
复制到剪贴板

Yamarik助教

安全评估dichlorophene chlorophene。

Int J Toxicol。2004; 23增刊1:1-27。

PubMed ID
15162836 (在PubMed
]
文摘

Dichlorophene卤代酚类化合物,作为化妆品bacteriocide和杀菌剂。Chlorophene一卤代酚类化合物作为杀虫剂和防腐剂在化妆品。Dichlorophene据报道共有五个化妆品配方中使用的浓度为0%至1.0%,但Chlorophene没有使用报道。Dichlorophene禁止用于化妆品成分在日本。在欧洲,允许的最大授权浓度Dichlorophene Chlorophene 0.5%,为0.2%。Dichlorophene是三聚物的主要杂质4-chloro-2, 6-bis (5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzyl)苯酚。在老鼠、硫酸Dichlorophene Dichlorophene monoglucuronide, Dichlorophene diglucuronide Dichlorophene,排泄的主要代谢产物,主要在尿液。葡萄糖醛酸结合、硫酸酯共轭,和两个小代谢物Chlorophene鼠尿液中的代谢物。通过大鼠皮肤Chlorophene是不完全吸收。这些化学物质表现出低毒性在几个动物物种在急性口服毒性研究。 Some evidence of toxicity with both chemicals was found in short-term oral toxicity studies in mice and rats; nephropathy was the principal finding. Chronic toxicity data were not available for Dichlorophene. Rats and mice dosed with Chlorophene for 2 years had a dose-related and sex-related increase in the severity of nephropathy. In animal tests, Dichlorophene and Chlorophene were ocular irritants. No inhalation toxicity data were available for these ingredients. Dichlorophene up to 10% concentration resulted in no to minimal irritation when applied to the intact and abraded skin of rabbits. Chlorophene was severely irritating to rabbits in most dermal irritation studies. Studies on guinea pigs gave positive and negative results in sensitization tests of Dichlorophene. A dose-related contact hypersensitivity response to Chlorophene was reported in mice. No reproductive or developmental toxicity data were available for Dichlorophene, but there was some evidence of non-dose-dependent developmental toxicity with Chlorophene in rabbits. Dichlorophene was positive in the Ames mutagenicity assay, but not in mammalian or fruit fly test systems. Chlorophene was mutagenic in four in vitro mammalian test systems. Carcinogenicity studies for Dichlorophene were not found. Neoplasms were not observed in rats treated with Chlorophene for 2 years; however a significant incidence of neoplasms was observed in mice so treated. A 1-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) study concluded that Chlorophene was a cutaneous irritant and a weak skin tumor promoter but had no activity as an initiator or complete carcinogen. Dichlorophene was not a sensitizer in clinical dermal sensitization tests. Some reactions to Chlorophene occurred in some, but not all, clinical dermal sensitization tests. Positive photopatch tests to Dichlorophene were found in 13/469 patients. Although these ingredients were ocular irritants at high concentrations, the risk at concentrations which are actually used in cosmetic formulations was uncertain. Overall, the available data were insufficient to support safety of Dichlorophene or Chlorophene. Additional data needed include (1) method of manufacture and impurities data (especially the trimer in Dichlorophene); (2) photosensitization and photocarcinogenicity data for Dichlorophene; (3) dermal reproductive and developmental toxicity data for Dichlorophene (as a function of dose); and (4) ocular irritation at concentration of use, if available.

beplay体育安全吗DrugBank数据引用了这篇文章

药物