阿奇霉素。回顾其抗菌活性、药代动力学属性和临床疗效。

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彼得斯DH,弗里德哈,McTavish D

阿奇霉素。回顾其抗菌活性、药代动力学属性和临床疗效。

药。1992年11月,44 (5):750 - 99。doi: 10.2165 / 00003495-199244050-00007。

PubMed ID

1280567 (在PubMed

]

文摘

阿奇霉素口服抗菌药物管理的大环内酯物是酸稳定,结构与红霉素有关,与类似的光谱抗菌活性。阿奇霉素是活性略低于红霉素在体外对革兰氏阳性生物体,虽然这是可疑的临床意义随着浓度的敏感性下降的范围内可实现的组织阿奇霉素浓度。相比之下,阿奇霉素似乎更积极比红霉素对许多革兰氏阴性细菌和其他病原体,特别是流感嗜血杆菌,h . 56莫拉克斯氏菌属复活,淋球菌,Urea-plasma体和。伯氏疏螺旋体如红霉素等大环内酯类,阿奇霉素的活动由beta-lactamase的生产不受影响。然而,erythromycin-resistant生物也对阿奇霉素。阿奇霉素口服后,血清浓度低于红霉素,但这反映了药物的快速和广泛的运动从流通到细胞内的隔间导致组织浓度超过常见红霉素。阿奇霉素随后缓慢释放,反映其漫长终端阶段消除半衰期相对于红霉素。这些因素允许单个剂量或单剂量方案在大多数感染,与潜在的合规性门诊病人中,传统上更频繁的抗菌疗法可能是表示。的潜在缺点阿奇霉素血清浓度较低,但是,是突破可能发生菌血症患者重症;然而,动物研究表明,组织的阿奇霉素浓度更重要比治疗呼吸道和其它感染时血清。 The clinical efficacy of azithromycin has been confirmed in the treatment of infections of the lower and upper respiratory tracts (the latter including paediatric patients), skin and soft tissues (again including paediatric patients), in uncomplicated urethritis/cervicitis associated with N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis or U. urealyticum and in the treatment of early Lyme disease. Azithromycin was as effective as erythromycin and other commonly used drugs including clarithromycin, beta-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), and quinolone and tetracycline antibiotics in some of the above infections. Some patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis due to H. influenzae may be refractory to therapy with azithromycin (as is the case with erythromycin) indicating the need for physician vigilance, although it should be noted that azithromycin is of equivalent efficacy to amoxicillin in the treatment of such patients. In the therapy of urethritis/cervicitis associated with C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoea or U. urealyticum, a single dose azithromycin regimen offers a distinct advantage over currently available pharmacological options, while providing effective therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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药物

阿奇霉素