Glutamine synthetase

Details

Name
Glutamine synthetase
Synonyms
  • 6.3.1.2
  • GLNS
  • Glutamate decarboxylase
  • Glutamate--ammonia ligase
  • GS
Gene Name
GLUL
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019251|Glutamine synthetase MTTSASSHLNKGIKQVYMSLPQGEKVQAMYIWIDGTGEGLRCKTRTLDSEPKCVEELPEW NFDGSSTLQSEGSNSDMYLVPAAMFRDPFRKDPNKLVLCEVFKYNRRPAETNLRHTCKRI MDMVSNQHPWFGMEQEYTLMGTDGHPFGWPSNGFPGPQGPYYCGVGADRAYGRDIVEAHY RACLYAGVKIAGTNAEVMPAQWEFQIGPCEGISMGDHLWVARFILHRVCEDFGVIATFDP KPIPGNWNGAGCHTNFSTKAMREENGLKYIEEAIEKLSKRHQYHIRAYDPKGGLDNARRL TGFHETSNINDFSAGVANRSASIRIPRTVGQEKKGYFEDRRPSANCDPFSVTEALIRTCL LNETGDEPFQYKN
Number of residues
373
分子量
42064.15
Theoretical pI
6.88
GO Classification
Functions
ATP binding/glutamate binding/glutamate decarboxylase activity/glutamate-ammonia ligase activity/identical protein binding/magnesium ion binding/manganese ion binding
Processes
cell proliferation/cellular amino acid biosynthetic process/cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process/cellular response to starvation/glutamate catabolic process/glutamine biosynthetic process/neurotransmitter uptake/积极的监管啊f epithelial cell proliferation/积极的监管啊f insulin secretion/积极的监管啊f synaptic transmission, glutamatergic/protein homooligomerization/response to glucose/small molecule metabolic process/synaptic transmission
Components
axon terminus/cytoplasm/cytosol/extracellular exosome/glial cell projection/mitochondrion/myelin sheath/nucleus/perikaryon/protein complex/rough endoplasmic reticulum
General Function
Manganese ion binding
Specific Function
This enzyme has 2 functions: it catalyzes the production of glutamine and 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA), the latter in a pyridoxal phosphate-independent manner (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm
Gene sequence
>拼箱| BSEQ0019252 |谷氨酰胺合成酶(GLUL) ATGACCACCTCAGCAAGTTCCCACTTAAATAAAGGCATCAAGCAGGTGTACATGTCCCTG CCTCAGGGTGAGAAAGTCCAGGCCATGTATATCTGGATCGATGGTACTGGAGAAGGACTG CGCTGCAAGACCCGGACCCTGGACAGTGAGCCCAAGTGTGTGGAAGAGTTGCCTGAGTGG AATTTCGATGGCTCTAGTACTTTACAGTCTGAGGGTTCCAACAGTGACATGTATCTCGTG CCTGCTGCCATGTTTCGGGACCCCTTCCGTAAGGACCCTAACAAGCTGGTGTTATGTGAA GTTTTCAAGTACAATCGAAGGCCTGCAGAGACCAATTTGAGGCACACCTGTAAACGGATA ATGGACATGGTGAGCAACCAGCACCCCTGGTTTGGCATGGAGCAGGAGTATACCCTCATG GGGACAGATGGGCACCCCTTTGGTTGGCCTTCCAACGGCTTCCCAGGGCCCCAGGGTCCA TATTACTGTGGTGTGGGAGCAGACAGAGCCTATGGCAGGGACATCGTGGAGGCCCATTAC CGGGCCTGCTTGTATGCTGGAGTCAAGATTGCGGGGACTAATGCCGAGGTCATGCCTGCC CAGTGGGAATTTCAGATTGGACCTTGTGAAGGAATCAGCATGGGAGATCATCTCTGGGTG GCCCGTTTCATCTTGCATCGTGTGTGTGAAGACTTTGGAGTGATAGCAACCTTTGATCCT AAGCCCATTCCTGGGAACTGGAATGGTGCAGGCTGCCATACCAACTTCAGCACCAAGGCC ATGCGGGAGGAGAATGGTCTGAAGTACATCGAGGAGGCCATTGAGAAACTAAGCAAGCGG CACCAGTACCACATCCGTGCCTATGATCCCAAGGGAGGCCTGGACAATGCCCGACGTCTA ACTGGATTCCATGAAACCTCCAACATCAACGACTTTTCTGCTGGTGTAGCCAATCGTAGC GCCAGCATACGCATTCCCCGGACTGTTGGCCAGGAGAAGAAGGGTTACTTTGAAGATCGT CGCCCCTCTGCCAACTGCGACCCCTTTTCGGTGACAGAAGCCCTCATCCGCACGTGTCTT CTCAATGAAACCGGCGATGAGCCCTTCCAGTACAAAAATTAA
Chromosome Location
1
Locus
1q31
External Identifiers
Resource Link
UniProtKB ID P15104
UniProtKB Entry Name GLNA_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID 31833
GenBank Gene ID Y00387
GenAtlas ID GLUL
HGNC ID HGNC:4341
General References
  1. 吉布斯CS,坎贝尔KE,威尔逊RH:胡的序列man glutamine synthetase cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Aug 11;15(15):6293. [Article]
  2. Van den Hoff MJ, Geerts WJ, Das AT, Moorman AF, Lamers WH: cDNA sequence of the long mRNA for human glutamine synthase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Oct 8;1090(2):249-51. [Article]
  3. Christa L, Simon MT, Flinois JP, Gebhardt R, Brechot C, Lasserre C: Overexpression of glutamine synthetase in human primary liver cancer. Gastroenterology. 1994 May;106(5):1312-20. [Article]
  4. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [Article]
  5. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [Article]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Boksha IS, Schonfeld HJ, Langen H, Muller F, Tereshkina EB, Burbaeva GSh: Glutamine synthetase isolated from human brain: octameric structure and homology of partial primary structure with human liver glutamine synthetase. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2002 Sep;67(9):1012-20. [Article]
  8. Vermeulen T, Gorg B, Vogl T, Wolf M, Varga G, Toutain A, Paul R, Schliess F, Haussinger D, Haberle J: Glutamine synthetase is essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008 Oct 1;478(1):96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.07.009. Epub 2008 Jul 17. [Article]
  9. Olkku A, Mahonen A: Wnt and steroid pathways control glutamate signalling by regulating glutamine synthetase activity in osteoblastic cells. Bone. 2008 Sep;43(3):483-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.016. Epub 2008 May 7. [Article]
  10. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. doi: 10.1021/ac9004309. [Article]
  11. Burkard TR, Planyavsky M, Kaupe I, Breitwieser FP, Burckstummer T, Bennett KL, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J: Initial characterization of the human central proteome. BMC Syst Biol. 2011 Jan 26;5:17. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17. [Article]
  12. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  13. Haberle J, Gorg B, Rutsch F, Schmidt E, Toutain A, Benoist JF, Gelot A, Suc AL, Hohne W, Schliess F, Haussinger D, Koch HG: Congenital glutamine deficiency with glutamine synthetase mutations. N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 3;353(18):1926-33. [Article]

Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank ID Name Drug group Pharmacological action? Actions Details
DB00130 L-Glutamine approved, investigational, nutraceutical unknown product of Details
DB00142 Glutamic acid approved, nutraceutical unknown Details
DB00134 Methionine approved, nutraceutical unknown inhibitor Details
DB06774 Capsaicin approved unknown inducer Details
DB01212 Ceftriaxone approved unknown inducer Details
DB00082 Pegvisomant approved unknown inhibitor Details
DB00466 Picrotoxin experimental unknown inhibitor Details
DB08794 Ethyl biscoumacetate withdrawn unknown inhibitor Details
DB11118 Ammonia approved unknown substrate Details