Identification
- Summary
-
Felbamateis an anticonvulsant used to treat severe epilepsy.
- Brand Names
-
Felbatol
- Generic Name
- Felbamate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00949
- Background
-
Felbamate is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. In particular, in the adult patient population, it can be employed to treat partial seizures (with and without generalization). Alternatively, it is used to treat partial and generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in children. It has a weak inhibitory effect on GABA receptor binding sites.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
-
- Weight
-
Average: 238.2399
Monoisotopic: 238.095356946 - Chemical Formula
- C11H14N2O4
- Synonyms
-
- 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate
- carbamic acid 2-phenyltrimethylene ester
- Carbamic acid 3-carbamoyloxy-2-phenyl-propyl ester
- Felbamate
- Felbamato
- Felbamatum
- External IDs
-
- ADD-03055
- W-554
Pharmacology
- Indication
-
For use only in those patients who respond inadequately to alternative treatments and whose epilepsy is so severe that a substantial risk of aplastic anemia and/or liver failure is deemed acceptable in light of the benefits conferred by its use.
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with evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets. - Associated Conditions
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
-
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information oncontraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support. - Pharmacodynamics
-
Felbamate is an antiepileptic indicated as monotherapy or as an adjunct to other anticonvulsants for the treatment of partial seizures resulting from epilepsy. Receptor-binding studiesin vitroindicate that felbamate has weak inhibitory effects on GABA-receptor binding, benzodiazepine receptor binding, and is devoid of activity at the MK-801 receptor binding site of the NMDA receptor-ionophore complex. However, felbamate does interact as an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor-ionophore complex.
- Mechanism of action
-
felbamat的机制e exerts its anticonvulsant activity is unknown, but in animal test systems designed to detect anticonvulsant activity, felbamate has properties in common with other marketed anticonvulsants.In vitro受体结合的研究表明,felbamate马y be an antagonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-recognition site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-ionophore complex. Antagonism of the NMDA receptor glycine binding site may block the effects of the excitatory amino acids and suppress seizure activity. Animal studies indicate that felbamate may increase the seizure threshold and may decrease seizure spread. It is also indicated that felbamate has weak inhibitory effects on GABA-receptor binding, benzodiazepine receptor binding.
Target Actions Organism AGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B antagonistHumans AGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A antagonistHumans - Absorption
-
>90%
- Volume of distribution
-
- 756±82 mL/kg
- Protein binding
-
20-36%
- Metabolism
-
Hepatic
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
-
Not Available
- Half-life
-
20-23 hours
- Clearance
-
- 26 +/- 3 mL/hr/kg [single 1200 mg dose]
- 30 +/- 8 mL/hr/kg [multiple daily doses of 3600 mg]
- Adverse Effects
-
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including:blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data. - Toxicity
-
LD50=5000 mg/kg (Orally in rats)
- Pathways
-
Pathway Category Felbamate Metabolism Pathway Drug metabolism - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRsBrowse all" title="" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug InteractionsLearn More" title="" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
-
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Felbamate is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abametapir The serum concentration of Felbamate can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Felbamate can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Felbamate. Abrocitinib The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Felbamate. Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Felbamate. Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with Felbamate. Acetaminophen Felbamate may increase the hepatotoxic activities of Acetaminophen. Acetazolamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Felbamate. Acetohexamide The metabolism of Acetohexamide can be decreased when combined with Felbamate. 
Identify potential medication risksEasily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.Get severity rating, description, and management advice.Learn more - Food Interactions
-
- Avoid alcohol.
Products
-
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:
dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions. - International/Other Brands
- Felbamyl/Taloxa
- Brand Name Prescription Products
-
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Felbatol Tablet 600 mg/1 Oral Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1993-07-29 Not applicable US 
Felbatol Tablet 400 mg/1 Oral Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1993-07-29 Not applicable US Felbatol Suspension 600 mg/5mL Oral Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1993-07-29 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
-
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Felbamate Tablet 600 mg/1 Oral Marlex Pharmaceuticals Inc 2015-08-01 Not applicable US Felbamate Tablet 600 mg/1 Oral Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. 2017-04-20 Not applicable US Felbamate Tablet 600 mg/1 Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC 2011-09-16 Not applicable US Felbamate Tablet 600 mg/1 Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals of New York Llc 2022-08-10 Not applicable US Felbamate Suspension 600 mg/5mL Oral Vistapharm, Inc. 2019-06-24 2024-01-31 US Felbamate Tablet 600 mg/1 Oral Zydus Pharmaceuticals (USA) Inc. 2017-08-15 2020-03-03 US Felbamate Tablet 400 mg/1 Oral Alvogen Inc. 2018-12-01 Not applicable US Felbamate Tablet 400 mg/1 Oral Impax Generics 2017-03-06 2019-08-31 US Felbamate Tablet 400 mg/1 Oral Zydus Lifesciences Limited 2017-08-15 Not applicable US Felbamate Tablet 600 mg/1 Oral Mylan Pharmaceuticals 2016-01-12 2018-03-31 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N03AX10 — Felbamate
- Drug Categories
-
- Acids, Acyclic
- Alcohols
- Anti-epileptic Agent
- Anticonvulsants
- Carbamates
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors
- 细胞色素p - 450 unkn CYP2C19抑制剂(力量own)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- 细胞色素p - 450基质
- Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agents
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
- Glycols
- Nervous System
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- NMDA Receptor Antagonists
- Phenylcarbamates
- Potential QTc-Prolonging Agents
- Propylene Glycols
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided byClassyfire
-
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Carbamate esters/Organic carbonic acids and derivatives/Organopnictogen compounds/Organonitrogen compounds/Organic oxides/Hydrocarbon derivatives/Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound/Carbamic acid ester/Carbonic acid derivative/Carbonyl group/Hydrocarbon derivative/Monocyclic benzene moiety/Organic nitrogen compound/Organic oxide/Organic oxygen compound/Organonitrogen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- carbamate ester (CHEBI:4995)
- Affected organisms
-
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- X72RBB02N8
- CAS number
- 25451-15-4
- InChI Key
- WKGXYQFOCVYPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
-
InChI=1S/C11H14N2O4/c12-10(14)16-6-9(7-17-11(13)15)8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H2,(H2,12,14)(H2,13,15)
- IUPAC Name
-
3-(carbamoyloxy)-2-phenylpropyl carbamate
- SMILES
-
NC(=O)OCC(COC(N)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- General References
-
- Leppik IE, Dreifuss FE, Pledger GW, Graves NM, Santilli N, Drury I, Tsay JY, Jacobs MP, Bertram E, Cereghino JJ, et al.: Felbamate for partial seizures: results of a controlled clinical trial. Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1785-9. [Article]
- External Links
-
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015084
- KEGG Drug
- D00536
- KEGG Compound
- C07501
- PubChem Compound
- 3331
- PubChem Substance
- 46506375
- ChemSpider
- 3214
- BindingDB
- 50088430
- 24812
- ChEBI
- 4995
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1094
- ZINC
- ZINC000001530803
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000093
- PharmGKB
- PA449590
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Felbamate
- MSDS
-
Download (47.1 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical TrialsLearn More" title="" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
-
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 2 Completed Treatment Bipolar Disorder (BD) 1 Not Available Completed Not Available Epilepsies 1 Not Available Unknown Status Not Available Epilepsies 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
-
- Meda pharmaceuticals inc
- Packagers
-
- Aptuit Laurus Pvt Ltd.
- Atlantic Biologicals Corporation
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital
- Meda AB
- Dosage Forms
-
Form Route Strength Suspension Oral 600 mg/5mL Tablet Oral 400 mg/1 Tablet Oral 600 mg/1 Suspension Oral 120 mg/ml Tablet Oral 400 MG Tablet Oral 600 MG Tablet Oral Suspension Oral - Prices
-
Unit description Cost Unit Felbatol 600 mg tablet 3.1USD tablet Felbatol 400 mg tablet 2.71USD tablet Felbatol 600 mg/5ml Suspension 1.43USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only. - Patents
-
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US4978680 No 1990-12-18 2009-09-26 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
-
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 151.5 °C PhysProp water solubility Slightly soluble in water Not Available logP 0.3 Not Available - Predicted Properties
-
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.742 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.56 ALOGPS logP 0.68 Chemaxon logS -2.5 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 14.98 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 104.64 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 7 Chemaxon Refractivity 59.59 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 23.52 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 1 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
-
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9544 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9805 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6324 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.783 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9551 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.932 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9039 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.9009 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7942 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9184 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.7126 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9026 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8309 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9271 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7602 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8338 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.8068 Rat acute toxicity 1.7095 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9872 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9786
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
-
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) MS splash10-0udi-5900000000-673caaab3dded596924c Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive LC-MS/MS Not Available LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , Positive LC-MS/MS Not Available MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-014i-2900000000-880b1fb1822a512a352c MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-016r-1900000000-f04127a0f39b9e0b001f
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
-
Yes
- Actions
-
Antagonist
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic site...
- Gene Name
- GRIN2B
- Uniprot ID
- Q13224
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B
- 分子量
- 166365.885 Da
References
- Kleckner NW, Glazewski JC, Chen CC, Moscrip TD: Subtype-selective antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by felbamate: insights into the mechanism of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 May;289(2):886-94. [Article]
- Harty TP, Rogawski MA: Felbamate block of recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors: selectivity for the NR2B subunit. Epilepsy Res. 2000 Mar;39(1):47-55. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Chang HR, Kuo CC: Molecular determinants of the anticonvulsant felbamate binding site in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. J Med Chem. 2008 Mar 27;51(6):1534-45. doi: 10.1021/jm0706618. Epub 2008 Feb 27. [Article]
- Luszczki JJ, Danysz W, Czuczwar SJ: Interactions of MRZ 2/576 with felbamate, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and topiramate in the mouse maximal electroshock-induced seizure model. Pharmacology. 2008;81(3):259-65. doi: 10.1159/000114870. Epub 2008 Feb 4. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
-
Yes
- Actions
-
Antagonist
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Activation requires binding of agonist to both types of sub...
- Gene Name
- GRIN2A
- Uniprot ID
- Q12879
- Uniprot Name
- Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A
- 分子量
- 165281.215 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
-
Unknown
- Actions
-
Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
- Gene Name
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID
- P05181
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2E1
- 分子量
- 56848.42 Da
References
- Glue P, Banfield CR, Perhach JL, Mather GG, Racha JK, Levy RH: Pharmacokinetic interactions with felbamate. In vitro-in vivo correlation. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Sep;33(3):214-24. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199733030-00004. [Article]
- Pietrzak B, Czarnecka E: Influence of felbamate on selected central effects of ethanol in experimental animals. Acta Pol Pharm. 2004 May-Jun;61(3):209-13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
-
Unknown
- Actions
-
Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- 分子量
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Glue P, Banfield CR, Perhach JL, Mather GG, Racha JK, Levy RH: Pharmacokinetic interactions with felbamate. In vitro-in vivo correlation. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Sep;33(3):214-24. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199733030-00004. [Article]
- Drug Interactions & Labeling - FDA [Link]
- UMN Interaction Table, CYP450 [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
-
Unknown
- Actions
-
Inhibitor
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- 分子量
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Levy RH: Cytochrome P450 isozymes and antiepileptic drug interactions. Epilepsia. 1995;36 Suppl 5:S8-13. [Article]
- Turnheim K: [Drug interactions with antiepileptic agents]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2004 Feb 28;116(4):112-8. [Article]
- Foye, William O.;Williams, David A.;Lemke, Thomas L. (2002). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [ISBN:0683307371]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
-
Unknown
- Actions
-
SubstrateInducer
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- 分子量
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Johannessen SI, Landmark CJ: Antiepileptic drug interactions - principles and clinical implications. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2010 Sep;8(3):254-67. doi: 10.2174/157015910792246254. [Article]
- Glue P, Banfield CR, Perhach JL, Mather GG, Racha JK, Levy RH: Pharmacokinetic interactions with felbamate. In vitro-in vivo correlation. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1997 Sep;33(3):214-24. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199733030-00004. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at May 07, 2021 21:18